НАУКА О ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ ШЛЯПОЧНЫХ ГРИБАХ: СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ, ДОСТИЖЕНИЯ, ДОКАЗАТЕЛЬСТВА И ВЫЗОВЫ

C.П. Вассер

Аннотация


В обзоре представлены достижения, перспективы, проблемы и пути развития науки о лекарственных шляпочных грибах в XXI веке. Для лекарственных шляпочных и других макроскопических грибов известно около 130 фармакологических применений, включая противоопухолевое, иммуномодулирующее, антиоксидантное, связывающее свободные радикалы, кардиоваскулярное, снижающее холестерин в крови, противовирусное, антибактериальное, противопаразитное, противогрибковое, детоксифицирующее, гепатопротекторное и противодиабетическое действие. У базидиомицетов биологически активные вещества содержатся не только в плодовых телах, но также в мицелии и культуральной жидкости. Особое внимание в обзоре уделено грибным полисахаридам и вторичным метаболитам. Обобщены результаты исследований полисахаридов из примерно 700 видов высших гетеро- и гомобазидиомицетов. Описаны многочисленные выделенные из лекарственных грибов биологически активные полисахариды и полисахаридо-протеиновые комплексы, способные стимулировать иммунные реакции, а также обладающие выраженной противоопухолевой активностью. Механизм такого действия полностью не раскрыт, и в центре внимания находятся вопросы стимулирования и модуляции иммунного ответа этими соединениями. Некоторые из них прошли фазы I, II и III клинических испытаний, и широко и успешно применяются в Азии для лечения различных видов рака и других заболеваний. В обзоре также отмечены нерешенные вопросы исследования медицинского применения шляпочных грибов.

Ключевые слова


лекарственные грибы, антиоксидантная активность, полисахариды, β-глюканы, противоопухолевая активность, иммуномодулирующее действие, вторичные метаболиты.

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Литература


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DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.24855/biosfera.v7i2.63

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